INingizimu Afrika ilahlekelwa yizitshalo nezilwane zasendle ezivikelekile ngezinga elishaqisayo. Phakathi kuka-2005 no-2014, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-18,000 zezinhlobo zama-US$340-million zathengiswa ngokusemthethweni.
Lesi sibalo esingabandakanyi ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, sigqanyiswe embikweni we-United Nations Environment Programme okhanyisa izibani eziningi ezixwayisayo.
Okuhamba phambili ohlwini oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwakuyizindebe zokuzingela, opholi abaphilayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izikhumba zengwenya nenyama, izitshalo eziphilayo kanye nokuphuma kwazo.
Lo mbiko udalula isidingo esikhulu somhlaba wonke sopholi njengezilwane zasekhaya. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kopholi abaphilayo kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe ka-11 phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kusukela ezinyonini ezingu-50,000 ngo-2005 kuya ngaphezu kwezi-300,000 ngo-2014.
Isifunda se-SADC sinezinhlobo ezingu-18 zopholi, ingxenye yazo enesibalo esinciphayo kanti ezintathu zazo zisengozini emhlabeni jikelele. I-African grey parrot, echazwa njengesengozini yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), iyisilwane esifuywayo esidumile e-US, Europe nase-Western Asia, futhi iwuhlobo lopholi oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, izinombolo ezimpunga zase-Afrika ziyehla futhi lokhu kuye kwabangelwa ukuthunjwa kwayo ukuze kuhwetshwe ngezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwe-IUCN kuyaqhubeka okwamanje ukuze kulinganiswe ukufaneleka kwayo kokuqhubeka nokufakwa ohlwini.
Izinga lokuhweba ngezipholi ezimpunga ezitholakala zasendle liyakhathaza kakhulu, ngokusho komqondisi wohlelo lwezokongiwa kwe-Afrika e-World Parrot Trust, uRowan Martin.
“Izabelo zamanje azisekelwe kudatha eqinile futhi akukaze kube nokuqapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwesivuno,” usho kanje. “Ngokwezibalo ze-Ctes, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwemithombo yasendle akushintshile, nakuba ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni (okuvame ukusebenza ngaphansi komgubho wokuhweba okusemthethweni) nakho kwenzeka.
“Imboni ezalanisa izilwane ezivalelwe eNingizimu Afrika ngokomlando iyona edala ukungeniswa kwezinyoni eziningi ezibanjwe zasendle. Ukwanda okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwezinyoni ezifuywayo ezifuywayo kukhuthaza isidingo sopholi abafuywayo abampunga, futhi abathengi abangenalwazi bangase bakhethe ukuthenga opholi ababanjwe zasendle, njengoba beshibhile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwezinyoni ezifuywa kwamanye amazwe kunikeza ithuba lokushushumbiswa kwezinyoni ezibanjwe zasendle.”
Lo mbiko uphinda ukhombe iNingizimu Afrika njengendawo ehamba phambili yokuthumela izindebe zezilwane kulesi sifunda.
Cishe i-180,000 yezilwane ezisohlwini olukhonjiwe zathunyelwa ngokuqondile zisuka esifundeni njengezindondo zokuzingela phakathi kuka-2005-2014. Iphezulu ohlwini kwakuyingwenya yaseNayile, okuhlanganisa ukuhweba ngezikhumba, izingebhezi, imizimba kanye nemisila. Ezinye izindondo zohwebo eziphakeme zazihlanganisa idube lentaba likaHartmann, imfene i-Chacma, imvubu, indlovu yase-Afrika kanye nebhubesi. Izindebe eziningi zazivela ezilwaneni ezitholakala endle, nokho, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezindebe zamabhubesi zazifuywe, futhi cishe zonke lezi zivela eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuzingela Trophy kudala impikiswano. Abasekeli bathi ukuzingela okuphethwe kahle kungaba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokonga imvelo ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zezimali, ikakhulukazi lapho imali itshalwa emuva ekulondolozeni futhi yabelwa imiphakathi yendawo. Kodwa-ke, le mali ayibuyeli emuva kwezokongiwa kwemvelo noma emiphakathini.
Lo mbiko uphawule izinto eziningi ezikhathazayo ezihlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwemali yokuzingela, izinsiza ezinganele zokuqapha abantu kanye nokusungula amazinga esimeme okuvuna, kanye nokungafihli lutho okulinganiselwe ekugelezeni kwezimali.
I-SADC iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziyisishagalombili zamakati, kanti ezine kuzo zithathwa njengezisengozini. Ngaphandle kwezindondo zokuzingela, amakati abuye ahwetshwe njengemikhiqizo yemithi yesintu, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhosi kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Umbiko urekhoda ukukhuphuka kokuhwebelana kwamathambo ezingonyama namabhubesi aphilayo nezingulule ngesikhathi sika-2005-2014. Nalapha iNingizimu Afrika ibalwe ohlwini lwabahamba phambili ngale mikhiqizo.
Ihlonza ukwanda kokuhwebelana ngamathambo ebhubesi kwezokwelapha zendabuko njengosongo oluvelayo ohlotsheni. Kukholakala ukuthi amathambo ebhubesi manje asethatha indawo enkulu yengwe emithini yendabuko yamaShayina.
Izingulule seziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile e-Gulf States, futhi umbiko uthi ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni okuvela emiphakathini yasendle kunomthelela ekwehleni kwenani labantu baseMpumalanga Afrika.
Ukuhwebelana ngokungemthetho kwezikhumba zezingwe ukuze kuhlomule izambatho zemikhosi nakho kuyagqanyiswa. Uma kugxilwa ebandleni lakwaShembe eNingizimu Afrika, umbiko uphakamisa ukuthi zivunwe izingwe eziphakathi kuka-1,500 2,500 no-15,000 XNUMX ngonyaka ukuze kubhebhethekiswe isidingo sezikhumba, kanti zilinganiselwa ku-XNUMX XNUMX izikhumba zezingwe ezisatshalaliswa kubalandeli bakaShembe.
Ukuthunyelwa kwevolumu ephezulu kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nakho kuza ngaphansi kokukhanya. Ukuhweba okukhulu kunakho konke kwavela enyameni nasezikhumbeni zengwenya yase-Nayile, kodwa umbiko uzwakalisa ukukhathazeka okuthile ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezibankwa zasendle, ikakhulukazi izifo ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke zaseMalagasy.
I-SADC inezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingaba ngu-1,500, kodwa Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN luhlolwe ngaphansi nje kwesigamu. Kulabo, ama-31% abhekwa njengabasengozini emhlabeni jikelele. Umbiko uthi kudingeka imizamo eyengeziwe ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo zezilwane ezidinga ukufakwa ohlwini ukuze zivikeleke futhi ziqashwe. Kudingeka omunye umsebenzi mayelana nemithelela engaba khona yokongiwa kohwebo ngezilwane ezihlala zikhona kanye nezisengozini.
Kusukela ezilwaneni kuya ezimbalini, umbiko uphawula uhwebo oluqhubekayo lwezitshalo ezihlukaniswa njengezisengozini, ezisengozini noma ezisengozini enkulu, ezinamalambu abomvu akhanya phezu kwama-cycad.
Ama-Cycad ahlala ethunyelwa ngaphandle edumile ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, njengomthombo wokudla nanjengomuthi wesintu. Nokho, ziyiqembu lezitshalo ezisengozini kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Ukuvunwa ngokungemthetho kwabantu basendle kubangele ukushabalala okubili kwezintathu zama-cycad endle. Lo mbiko uphinda uvundulule okungaba ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni kwezilwane okungezona ezendabuko eNingizimu Afrika.
Umbiko uphetha ngokuvuma ubunzima bayo ekuqoqweni kwedatha, futhi uphawula ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezivela esifundeni kufanele zifakwe ohlwini yi-Ctes.
by Jane Surtees
